(1) Be cautious when mixing colors. Generally, try a small sample first, get the amount of paint that should be matched, and then prepare a large sample according to the result of the small sample. First adjust the secondary color and secondary color separately in a small container.

(2) First add the main color (large amount in color matching, color with low tinting power), then add the dark color (or color matching) with high dyeing power slowly and intermittently, and keep stirring, and observe the color change at any time.

(3) "From shallow to deep", especially when adding pigments with strong tinting power, avoid excessive amounts.

(4) When matching colors, there will be slight differences between the color of the paint and the dried film. The color of various paints is generally lighter when the film is wet, and the color becomes darker when the paint dries. Therefore, if the incoming sample is a dry sample, the color-matching paint needs to be dried before performing color measurement comparison; if the incoming sample is a wet sample, you can drop the sample into the color-matching paint to observe whether the two colors are the same.

(5) It is necessary to understand the floating degree of the primary color in the double-color paint and the change of the paint, especially the amino paint and perchloroethylene paint, and more attention should be paid.

(6) When compounding multi-color paints, it is necessary to select paints with the same properties for mutual blending, and the solvent system should also be miscible, otherwise the quality of the paint will be affected due to poor miscibility, and even delamination, precipitation or gelation will occur, and it cannot be used. .

(7) Since the colors often have various color heads, if it is matched with green, yellow with green head and blue with yellow head are generally used; when with purple, blue with red head and blue with blue head should be used. Red; when matching orange, red with yellow head and yellow with red head should be used.

(8) Pay attention to which auxiliary materials, such as drier, curing agent, thinner, etc., should be added during the color mixing process, so as not to affect the color.

(9) When mixing gray, green and other multi-color paints, due to the preparation of multiple pigments, the density and oil absorption of the pigments are different, and the phenomenon of "floating" and "flooding" is likely to occur. At this time, a small amount of Surface active agent or leveling agent, anti-floating agent to solve. As usual, 0.1% silicone oil is added to prevent and control. For various surfactants produced by foreign companies, it is necessary to distinguish which solvent system is used, and the addition amount is generally 0.1% to 1%.

(10) Taking advantage of the slightly transparent characteristics of the paint film, the selection of a suitable base color can make the color of the top coat more vivid than the original paint color. This is based on the principle of natural light reflection and absorption, and the base color and the primary color are superimposed. A color, the paint project calls it "transparent". For example, the yellow primer can make the red more vivid, the gray primer can make the red more red, the positive blue primer can make the black black and brighter, and the water blue primer can make the white cleaner and clearer. Cream, pink, ivory, sky blue, white should be used as the primer.

Table 4-13 lists the varieties of commonly used pigments. Although the same color pigments, the hue, lightness and saturation of the color are very different, and users should pay attention to selection. Table 4-13 lists the commonly used color matching tables for multicolor paints. The specific color preparation requires multiple experiments according to the above techniques.

Table 4-13 Varieties of commonly used pigments

Color Pigment name

Red pigments Inorganic pigments: iron red, cadmium red, molybdenum red, etc.;

Organic pigments: Toluidine red, Lithol red, para red, scarlet, etc.

Yellow pigments Inorganic pigments: lead chrome yellow, zinc chrome yellow, cadmium yellow, antimony yellow, iron yellow, etc.;

Organic pigments: light fast yellow, benzidine yellow, Hansa yellow, etc.

Blue pigments Inorganic pigments: iron blue, ultramarine blue, etc.;

Organic pigments: phthalocyanine blue, peacock blue, indanthrene blue, etc.

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There are the following skills in the color palette

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White Pigment Inorganic Pigment: Titanium White, Zinc Oxide, Lithopone (Lide Powder), Antimony White, etc.

Black pigments Inorganic pigments: carbon black, pine smoke, graphite, etc.;

Organic pigments: aniline black, etc.

Green pigments Inorganic pigments: chrome green, zinc green, iron green, etc.;

Organic pigments: Phthalocyanine green, etc.

Purple pigments Inorganic pigments: ultramarine violet, cobalt violet, manganese violet, etc.;

Organic pigments: methyl violet, benzyl violet, etc.

Metallic pigments, aluminum powder (silver powder), copper powder (gold powder)

Light mixing-additive color mixing

Combining the light radiated by the light source body can produce a new colored light. For example, when there is no light in front of a lime wall. It's in the dark, eyes can't see it

. The wall is red when illuminated only by red light, green when illuminated only by green light, and the wall illuminated by red and green light is yellow, and the hue and purity of this yellow are red.

Between green, its brightness is higher than red and higher than green, which is close to the sum of red and green brightness. Because the projection light becomes brighter after mixing, it is called adding light mixing

From the experiment of projection light mixing, it can be known that the three colors of vermilion, emerald green, and blue are primary colors, and they can be mixed with the primary colors to produce yellow, blue, and purple.

Three shades of red. The inter-color light that is a mixture of one primary color light and the other two primary colors is called complementary color light. Such as emerald green and purple red, yellow and blue, vermilion and blue, etc.

, The three groups are all complementary color lights, and the complementary color lights are mixed in a certain proportion to get white light.

Magenta + yellow = red

Yellow + blue = green

Cyan + Magenta = Purple

Magenta + Yellow + Cyan = Black

Color mixture-subtractive color mixing: magenta, yellow and cyan are the three primary colors

Refers to a mixture of colorants that cannot emit light, but can absorb part of the illuminating light and reflect the remaining light.

Different colorants have different ability to absorb the wavelength and brightness of colored light. The new pigment formed after the pigment is mixed can generally increase

Strong ability to absorb light, weaken the brightness of reflection. Under the condition of the same projection light, the reflective ability of the new pigment is lower than that before mixing

Neutral mix

Refers to the color mixture in which the mixed color is neither improved nor reduced.

Neutral mixing is mainly colored disc rotating mixing and spatial visual mixing.

Put red, orange, yellow, green and blue. Paint the same amount of color materials such as purple on the disc, and turn it into light blue. Paint magenta, yellow, cyan, or mix magenta with green,

Yellow and blue-violet, orange and cyan are complementary colors, as long as the ratio is appropriate, they can be light gray.

On the color wheel, red and yellow spin out pastel colors, cyan and yellow make pink green, and red and blue spin out pink purple.

Paint different colors in dots, lines, nets, small areas and other shapes on the paper, leaving a certain distance to see the new colors mixed in the space.

If the primary color of the spatial mixing is the same as the primary color of dimming, then the spatial mixing, multi-color, etc. are close to the inter-color mixing of the color wheel. And the mixed colors are vivid,

Bright color, flashing.

There are tangible perspective reductions in the space, as well as the color space mixing, which is determined by the perception method of the eye.

The Impressionists followed this rule and created many stippling oil paintings. The colors of these pictures are very loud, and the sense of sunlight and air are well represented.

Modern and modern dot printing uses the principle of color space mixing, with the help of extremely small primary color dots of different sizes and flows, to mix extremely rich and real

Strong sense of color.

Decorative colors can also use the principle of space mixing to mix more colors with a small amount of colors to enrich the colors of the design and enhance the power of the work. ancient

Mosaic painting is a precedent.